Convert a android device into linux

Linux on a Droid
By Dmitri Popov
If you want to install Linux on an Android device, you have several options. We examine some of the possibilities.
Installing a regular Linux distribution on an Android device opens a whole new world of possibilities. You can turn your Android device into a full-blown Linux/Apache/MySQL/PHP server and run web-based applications on it, install and use your favorite Linux tools, and even run a graphical desktop environment. In short, having a Linux distro on an Android device can come in handy in many situations. You can install Linux on an Android device in several ways, and I’ll look at some of the available options.
Figure 1: KBOX is a miniature Linux distribution that doesn’t require rooting.
KBOX: No Root Required
In many cases, installing Linux on Android usually means going through the rigmarole of rooting the Android system with the risk of bricking your Android device. If you don’t find this idea all that appealing, then you might appreciate
KBOX. This miniature single-user Linux distribution is integrated directly into a terminal emulator, and it can be installed on non-rooted Android devices (Figure 1).
KBOX is not available in the Google Play Store, so you have to download the APK package from the project’s website and install it manually. By the way, the author of KBOX provides not only the ready-to-use package but also some technical descriptions of KBOX’s inner workings.
KBOX comes with an assortment of BusyBox utilities (find, grep , tar, vi, etc.), an SSH server and client, and the scp tool. A handful of other packages are available as separate downloads, including vim and rsync. Rsync can act both as a client and server. Installing packages on KBOX is done using the
dpkg tool. To install, for example, the rsync package, grab it from the project’s website and use the following command:
dpkg -i /sdcard/Download/rsync_3.0.8_kbox.deb
Obviously, KBOX is not a replacement for a full-blown Linux distribution, but it can be useful in certain situations. If you install rsync, for example, you can use this powerful and flexible tool to back up files on your Android device to a remote server, and thanks to the supplied SSH server, you can access your Android device via an SSH connection.
Going the chroot Root: Linux Deploy
Although KBOX offers a straightforward way to install Linux on an Android device, you might find it too limited for your needs. In this case, you should consider installing a regular Linux distribution, but to do this, you must root your Android device first. The exact rooting procedure depends on your particular Android device, and it can be tricky at times. However, plenty of rooting guides are available online to help you along the way.
When it comes to installing Linux on a rooted Android device, one option is
Linux Deploy . This open source app offers an easy way to install and run a supported Linux distribution in a chroot environment, which is basically a special directory that acts as a temporary root directory. Because the root directory is the top of the filesystem hierarchy, applications running in the chroot environment don’t access directories higher up than the root directory. In other words, chroot creates an isolated environment that doesn’t interfere with the rest of the system. The good news is that Linux Deploy hides all the gory technical details behind a user-friendly interface, so you don’t need to know all the nitty-gritty to be able to install and run Linux on your rooted Android device.
Before you proceed with installing Linux on Android using Linux Deploy, you need to install two additional apps on your device: a terminal emulator and a VNC client. Although several terminal emulator and VNC client apps are available in the Google Play Store, you can’t go wrong with VX ConnectBot and
MultiVNC. Both are capable open source apps available free of charge.
To install one of the supported Linux distributions using Linux Deploy, launch the app, and tap the Properties button. The Properties window contains a list of configurable options. Start by choosing the desired Linux distribution from the
Distribution list in the Deploy section. Linux Deploy supports many popular distros, including Debian, Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Fedora, and openSUSE. For certain distributions, you can also select a specific version. Choose Debian, for example, and you can pick the desired version (stable, testing, unstable, etc.) in the Distribution suite list.
By default, Linux Deploy uses a mirror based in Russia, but you can specify a mirror closer to you by editing the Mirror URL setting. If you are installing Debian, you can find a list of mirrors online. Pick the mirror closest to you and enter its URL as follows:
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian
Figure 2: Specifying installation settings in Linux Deploy.
Linux Deploy can install Linux into an image file, a specific folder, or a separate partition, and you can choose the desired option in the Installation type list. In most cases, installing Linux as a single image file makes most sense, especially on devices that don’t support additional storage. If your Android device has an SD card slot, you can install Linux on a storage card or use just a partition on the card for that purpose.
You can choose the desired installation option from the Installation type list (Figure 2). If needed, you can also use the appropriate options to change the default installation path, specify the desired image size, choose the filesystem, and change the default
android username.
Linux Deploy lets you install a graphical desktop environment, too, and the app supports several popular graphical desktops, including LXDE, Xfce, Gnome, and KDE. To install a desktop environment, pick the desired desktop from the Desktop environment list and enable the Install GUI option.
The next stop is the Startup section. To start, make sure the SSH option is enabled; otherwise, you won’t be able to connect to the running Linux instance. If you chose to install a graphical desktop environment, you will have to enable the
VNC option as well, so you can connect to the desktop using a VNC client app. Next, scroll down to the VNC section and configure the VNC settings, such as color depth and resolution as well as desktop dimensions.
Once you’re done tweaking settings and specifying options, you can tap the Install item and wait until Linux Deploy finishes the installation (Figure 3).
Figure 3: The installation procession in Linux Deploy is completely automated.
When the installation operation is completed, you should see the following status message:
<<< end: install
Then, tap the Start button to boot the installed Linux distro. Note the IP address of the running Linux instance and launch the terminal emulator app (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Establish an SSH connection in the terminal emulator with your username and the IP address of the Linux instance.
Establish an SSH connection to the running Linux instance using its IP address and the default android username (or the username you specified in the Properties window). When prompted, enter the default changeme password.
The first thing you might want to do is change the default passwords. Issue the
passwd command to change the user password and run sudo passwd root to assign root password. Accessing the graphical desktop environment is equally easy: Launch the VNC client app and connect to the running VNC server using the default changeme password (Figures 5 and 6).
Figure 5: You can access the graphical desktop using a VNC client directly on Android ...
Figure 6: ... or from a remote machine (in this case, a notebook with Kubuntu using the KRDC client).
Limbo PC Emulator
Limbo PC Emulator provides yet another way to run Linux on an Android device. This little app is a port of the popular Qemu emulator, and it allows you to run a handful of lightweight Linux distributions. Before you give Limbo a try, be aware that it’s not particularly fast. This is not a big surprise, considering that it emulates the x86 architecture on the ARM-based platform. Limbo’s sluggishness is one of the reasons why you should use it with a nimble Linux distribution like Damn Small Linux and Debian sans a graphical desktop environment. On the positive side, running Linux inside Limbo PC Emulator doesn’t require rooting, and the app is very straightforward to use.
Start by downloading the ISO image or the HDD file of the desired Linux distro. You can find the list of supported distros and links to ISO images and HDD files on the project’s website . Launch the Limbo app on the Android device, choose New from the Load VM drop-down list, and give the new virtual machine (VM) a name (Figure 7).
Figure 7: Configuring a virtual machine in Limbo.
Assuming you want to boot the VM from an ISO image, you can use the CDROM option to select the downloaded .iso file. Use the Hard Disk A option to create an empty hard disk image for use with the VM. Then, select User from the Network Configuration drop-down list to enable networking in the NAT mode. Finally, you can enable the External VNC option if you want to access the graphical desktop from a remote machine via VNC. Next, tap the Start button to launch the created VM.
Although Limbo is relatively slow, the app has two features that can improve the emulator’s performance. Enabling the
High Priority option can speed up the VM, but it can also make the Android device less responsive. A feature that lets you save the VM state won’t directly improve the performance, but it can help to avoid lengthy boot sequences by saving the VM in its current state. Note that this feature requires a hard disk file. Additionally, the project’s website offers a few tips on improving the performance of specific distros. For example, you can use the following boot parameters:
boot> dsl toram noacpi noapm noscsi dma
to speed up Damn Small Linux (Figure 8).
Figure 8: Running Damn Small Linux in Limbo.
Final Word
The apps I’ve described are not your only options for running Linux on an Android device. The Complete Linux Installer and
Linux Installer apps, for example, let you install a Linux distribution on a rooted Android device. If you own a Google Nexus 7 device, you can replace Android with Ubuntu by following the instructions on the Ubuntu wiki . The described solutions have their advantages and drawbacks, but because they are all available free of charge, you can try them all and pick the one that best fits your needs.

Tricks about whatapp

Whatsapp is the most famous mobile messaging platform till date. But do you know some of the secrets tricks of whatsapp which can take you to the next level. Here in this article, i am highlighting most famous whatsapp tricks So far .
Use Whatsapp Without Any Phone Number
Do you know you can use whatsapp without any phone number. Yes you heard it right. Follow the steps:
. Uninstall whatsapp from your mobile.
. Download whatsapp from play store.
. Turn the flight mode on.
. Download and install spoof messages app from play store
. Start the installation process.
. Now , It will not be able to verify you via internet and it will prompt you to choose alternate SMS Method.
. Now choose check through sms and enter your email.
. Instantly without waiting for any more time click on cancel and authorization process will stop.
. Now open the spoof messaging app and enter below details.
“ To: +447900347295
From: +(Country code)(mobile number)
Message: Your email address
It will now verify whatsapp for you and you will start using whatsapp.
Send All Your Conversation To Your Email
Most people wanted to view media and chats on their computer, but they are unaware of a shortcut that can send all the chat history and images, video to your inbox with one single click.
. Just go to whatsapp and press any contact for more than few seconds.
. A pop up menu will appear
. Click on email conversation.
Spy On Someone Else Whatsapp
. Borrow your friends’ android phone which you want to spy for just one minute.
. Go to settings —> About phone —> Status—> Wi-Fi MAC address
. Note down the mac address. Keep the phone for few more minutes. we need it man.
. Now go to your phone and uninstall whatsapp.
. Change your Mac id to your friend’s one by spoofing mac .
. Now Download and install whatsapp on your phone. Whatsapp will send the verification code to your friend’s phone.
. verify your downloaded whatsapp by the verification code sent to your friend’s phone.
. You have installed exact replica of your friend’s whatsapp. Now whatever he or she will do, you can track it with your phone. Useful for parents and lovers. Do not use it for illegal purpose.
Hack Your Friend’s Whatsapp Conversation
Just trick your friend to connect his phone to your PC via USB cable and then steal a file. Takes only 2 minutes.
. Borrow your friend’s phone for few minutes.
. Connect it to your computer via USB.
. Go to folder named whatsapp/Databases
. Two files are there named
msgstore-yyyy..dd..db.crypt and
-msgstore.db.crypt
. Copy them to your computer . Rename that file from “msgstore-YYYY-MM-DD.1.db.crypt” to “msgstore.db.crypt” If the file is called “msgstore-YYYY-MM-DD.1.db.crypt5”, rename it to “msgstore.db.crypt5”
. Now Uninstall whatsapp.
. Move those copied files msgstore-YYYY-MM-DD.1.db.crypt and -msgstore-YYYY-MM-DD.1.db.crypt5 to your whatsapp/Databases folder on your phone.
. Whatsapp will ask for restore. Choose restore from backup. Cheers , you have all your friend’s whatsapp conversation on your phone.
Read Also : 101 Coolest Whatsapp Status Compiled
How To Know When He Or She Read Your Message
Just go to the conversation chat window of whatsapp and keep the message pressed for few seconds.
On the top there is an i symbol. Click on that. You will see when he or see read you.
Stop Someone From Knowing You Read His Message Or Not
You can also stop whatsapp from showing someone else read notification. That is , no one can find out you read their message or not. The only disadvantage is that once you check this option, You also can not determine when your message was read by other.
Steps:-
. Open your WhatsApp and tap three vertical dots icon on the top right of your screen.
. Now move to Settings > Account > Privacy.
. Uncheck Read receipts .
Use Whatsapp Quote Feature To Quote Any Message
For this you need to long press on the selected message. Now if you look at the top section, you will be able to view a new icon. This icon is the Reply icon. Press on it.
STEP 3
Now you will be allowed to type-in your reply or your comments regarding the selected message. Type in your comment as shown in the screenshot given below.
Mark Any Message On Whatsapp As Starred And Find It Later
. Just Long press any message and mark it as starred.
. Now, you can find it anytime easily from main whatsapp windows. Just Click on Three vertical dots on main window, and click on starred messages.
Want To Save Your Mobile Data Usage ? Stop Media Auto Download
Are you getting more Mobile data Bills. Well may be whatsapp be the culprit. Millions of images sent by friends and groups are getting auto downloaded to your phone without your wish. You can easily stop this by changing settings here. After this you will only download images you wish to.
Lock Your Whatsapp With A PIN
Some of your whatswpp messages may not be suitable for everyone else in the family, like children, parents etc. In this case you can lock your whatsapp with
Lock for whatsapp app .
Recover Your Deleted Messages On Whatsapp
. Connect your mobile with your pc via USB cable.
. Go to folder named whatsapp/Databases
. Two files are there named msgstore-yyyy..dd..db.crypt and msgstore.db.crypt
. msgstore-yyyy..dd..db.crypt file contains all the messages sent or recieved in last 7 days.
. Open it with notepad or wordpad to view and read messages.
Use Multiple Whatsapp Account On Same Phone
It may be that you have various mobiles with you and in that case a person tends to have more than one whatsapp account. But once you lose or break the old phone, you always wish to use it in your favorite phone. But is it possible. Yes its possible with help of an app.
. Download and install switchme app from google play on your phone
. Add accounts over it and run more than one Whatsapp account via it.
Create Shortcuts For Frequently Contacted Friends
Do you know you can easily create a person’s shortcut on your phone home screen.
. Just keep the contact pressed for few seconds and a pop up menu will appear.
. In it choose Add Conversation Shortcut.
. Your shortcut will get created.
Change Phone Number Keeping The Same Account
If you have just changed your sim, You need not worry thinking , what will happeen to your account. Whatsapp have a setting in which it allow anyone to change the phone number.
Whatsapp Profile Picture Prank !
. Connect your Phone to PC via USB cable
. Go to WhatsApp -> Profile Pictures folder
. Copy your friend’s profile pic name and delete the profile pic.
. Now make an image of size 561 x 561 Pixel dimension.
. Make it horrible or funny so that your friend gets really scared.
. Show him his profile pic on the phone , he will be shocked.
Extend Whatsapp Validity
. Go to settings>Account>Change number.
. In this whatsapp you have to change your mobile number twice and revert to the same earlier and nothing else.
. Amazingly it tricks whatsapp for extended validity on android.
. Lets say your Phone no. is 8866****** having service expiration Feb 18 ,2016.
. You just have to enter your old number as 8866****** And new no as your second sim no. 9067******.
. Repeat the same process again keeping old number as new and vice versa and bring back your old number which you want to keep.
. Cheers, you have extended your validity for one year from today’s date. ( The date on which you are performing this trick)
‘ Don’t worry it will not delete your history or remove you from any group.
Red Hear Icon Expands And Animate
The red heart emoji on whatsapp expands and animate like a beating one. Try it.
Change Whatsapp Chat Background
Go to any chat window. Hit chat wallpaper. It will come by pressing same key on your phone which brings you the menu to status. Once you enter a friends chat, press the key there. A pop up menu will appear. In it hit on wallpaper and change wallpaper.

How to protect computer from virus

Keep your computer safe with the “Good Digital Hygiene” ebook
The internet has certainly made our lives easier and more comfortable. Just think of web services, such as online takeaway ordering or online grocery purchases which can be carried out with one click and delivered to your doorstep. On the other hand most of us know how annoying it is when your device catches a virus and stops working, resulting in a loss of your data.
Data can also go missing through actual offline theft, how many of us have had their smartphone or laptop stolen in recent years? And even if we manage to keep our electronic devices safe they might still be vulnerable to hacking attacks or malware.
Bookboon author Dr Eduardo Gelbstein, Senior Fellow of the Diplo Foundation and faculty member at Webster University, Geneva, Switzerland, has gathered the following 13 precaution measures to keep your computer save from malicious software in his ebook “ Good Digital Hygiene”. Some of those guidelines might sound like common sense but let’s be honest, when was the last time you make a backup of your hard drive? Following these easy guidelines for digital hygiene will help to keep your device clean from malware and viruses and protect your data from being lost.
Follow these easy guidelines to protect your data:
1. Make sure your devices software, including good quality security software is up to date
2. Use a security-conscious Internet service provider (ISP) – “free” WiFi may not be secure
3. Ensure that the websites you visit are legitimate and trustworthy before you go there – some sites are designed to infect your computer with malware
4. Exercise caution when downloading files form the Internet
5. Think carefully before installing any new software, particularly those that are “free”. If you can, remove software pre-installed in your devices that you do not need or want
6. Scan memory devices (such as USB devices) that were given to you as a gift or were found
7. Be suspicious of random pop-up windows and error messages
8. Beware of attachments you don’t expect
9. Ignore any spam that may get through your filters
10. Use security precautions software for your smartphone, tablet and other devices
11. Systematically back up your files
12. Ensure that your anti-virus software checks the files as they download quarantines them if necessary
13. Behave online as you would in real life: If in doubt, don’t do it
Protect your computer from online attacks
Good Digital Hygiene
A guide to staying secure in cyberspace
The growth in the adoption of electronic devices is creating an environment where some measures of digital hygiene are needed to protect the devices and the data they contain.
Email Address
Download!
Ways to protect passwords
If you are saving confidential data such as passwords on your laptop, PC or smartphone, you might consider using a vault, also known as password manager. There is a wide range of password managers available online from free software to programmes available for a small fee or subscription. It can be used to save document numbers, credit card information, information from memberships, as well as logins and passwords. The information stored in the password manager is encrypted and to access it you will require a password. (Be sure to use a good one!)
Now you know how to keep your devices safe from malware and how to store your passwords. Another good way to protect your computer or phone are firewalls and anti-virus software. These programmes will make sure that your device will identify potential attacks through hackers or malware and quarantine malicious software and computer viruses. If you would like to read more about how to avoid cyberattacks, read “

Computer keyboard shortcut keys

Computer keyboard shortcut keys
Shortcut keys ABCs
Basic PC shortcut keys
PC shortcut keys for Special Characters
Microsoft Windows shortcut keys
Apple shortcut keys
Linux and Unix shortcut keys
F1 - F12 function keys
Top 10 keyboard shortcuts
Microsoft Excel shortcut keys
Microsoft Word shortcut keys
Internet Explorer shortcut keys
Microsoft FrontPage shortcut keys
Microsoft Outlook shortcut keys
Mozilla Firefox keyboard shortcuts
YouTube keyboard shortcuts
Keyboard terms
How do I create a Windows shortcut key?
Shortcut keys ABCs
Shortcut keys help provide an easier and usually quicker method of navigating and executing commands in computer software programs. Shortcut keys are commonly accessed by using the Alt key (on IBM compatible computers), Command key (on Apple computers), Ctrl key, or Shift key in conjunction with another key. The de facto standard for listing a shortcut is listing the modifier key , a plus symbol, and another key. In other words, "Ctrl+S" is telling you to press and hold the Ctrl key, and then press the S key too.
You can also find the shortcut keys to their most popular program by looking for underlined letters in their menus. For example, the image to the right has an underline on the "F" in File, which means you can press the Alt key and then the "F" key to access the File menu .
Some programs require the user to press and hold Alt to see the underlined characters. In the same image above, you can see that some of the common features, such as Open (Ctrl+O) and Save (Ctrl+S), have shortcut keys assigned to them. As you begin to memorize shortcut keys, you'll notice that many applications share the same shortcut keys. We have a list of the most commonly shared ones in the basic PC shortcut keys section .
Tip: Users outside the United States or who have a foreign copy of Microsoft Windows or a Microsoft application may not be able to use all of the below shortcut keys.
Basic PC shortcut keys
Below is a list of some of the most commonly used basic shortcut keys that work with almost all IBM compatible computers and software programs. It is highly recommended that all users keep a good reference of these shortcut keys or try to memorize them. Doing so will dramatically increase your productivity.
Tip: Besides the special character shortcuts listed here, some special characters are also located on the number keys (below the F1 - F12 keys). You can enter these special characters by pressing the Shift key and the number key that has the special character listed on it.
Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
Alt + Tab
Switch between open programs
F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
F2 Rename a selected file
F5 Refresh the current program window
Ctrl + N Create a new, blank document in some software programs
Ctrl + O Open a file in current software program
Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + B Change selected text to be Bold
Ctrl + I Change selected text to be in Italics
Ctrl + U Change selected text to be Underlined
Ctrl + F Open find window for current document or window.
Ctrl + S Save current document file.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del
Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins
Paste
Ctrl + K Insert hyperlink for selected text
Ctrl + P Print the current page or document.
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home
Goes to beginning of document.
End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End
Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home
Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End
Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow
Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow
Moves one word to the right at a time.
Ctrl + Esc
Opens the START menu
Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Opens Windows Task Manager
Alt + F4 Close the currently active program
Alt + Enter
Open the Properties for the selected item (file, folder, shortcut, etc.)
PC shortcut keys for Special Characters
There are many special characters that can be created using keyboard shortcuts. Below are some of the more common and popular special characters and the keyboard shortcuts to create them.
Shortcut Keys
Special Character
Alt + 0224
à
Alt + 0232
è
Alt + 0236
ì
Alt + 0242
ò
Alt + 0241
ñ
Alt + 0228
ä
Alt + 0246
ö
Alt + 0252
ü
Alt + 0248
ø
Alt + 0223
ß
Alt + 0198
Æ
Alt + 0231
ç
Alt + 0191
¿
Alt + 0176
° (degree symbol)
Alt + 0177
± (plus/minus symbol)
Alt + 0153
™
Alt + 0169
©
Alt + 0174
®
Alt + 0128
€ (Euro currency)
Alt + 0162
¢ (Cent symbol)
Alt + 0163
£ (British Pound currency)
Alt + 0165
¥
(Japanese Yen currency)

Tricks about computer typing

In this article, we’ll give you 5 tips to get you started typing faster and proper . Some of the tips are quite obvious ones, but we’ll provide you with a few apps to help you practice and learn faster.
RECOMMENDED READING:
50 Windows 8 Keyboard Shortcuts You Should Know
1. Get Rid Of Bad Habits
Getting rid of your bad typing habits is probably the hardest thing to do. You’ve probably been using the same typing method since you started using a keyboard, right down to where you place your palms. If you’re an FPS (First Person Shooter) gamer you’re probably used to placing your left hand on the WASD keys, and may have stronger fingers on your left hand than your right (speaking from experience here).
(Image Source: Fotolia )
Others may type only with two fingers, hovering over ten (or more) keys each, always having to keep their eyes on the keyboard to get the right keys. Although you might be typing fast with only half of the needed fingers, you have to put down your foot (or your hands) and break that habit immediately.
2. Use All 10 Fingers
The next step is to relearn the correct finger placement on the keyboard . If you take a closer look at your keyboard, you’ll notice raised bumps on each of the F key and J key. This is to help you find the correct finger placement without having to look at the keyboard.
Ideally, your index fingers should rest on the F and J keys and the other fingers will fall into place naturally.
In the picture below, you’ll notice color-coded areas showing the keys covered by each finger. You’ll notice that the middle fingers and ring fingers are used for only a few keys on the keyboard, while your index fingers cover the middle section of the keyboard. Navigational, punctuation and function keys are controlled mostly by the little finger.
(Image Source: Keybr )
If this confuses you, head over to websites like the TypingClub or Typing Web where they take you through each step to familiarize yourself with the keyboard. Some of their exercises only involve 2 fingers and as you go through their program, you’ll slowly master the way of faster and proper keyboard typing.
3. Learn To Touch Type
Next up: Touch typing. It’s when you type without having to look at the keyboard . In fact, for seasoned typists, looking at the keyboard actually slows them down.
To get there takes practice, and we’re not talking about hours here. It could be weeks before you condition your fingers to take control of the keys ‘they’ are responsible for. Even if it slows you down, do not revert to how you used to type.
Now, try typing sentences without looking at the keyboard, and try to remember the position of each letter. If you have to sneak a peek at the keyboard, you can, but give the same word or sentence another run, this time without looking at the keyboard. It takes a while but if you are determined, it gets easier every day.
Eventually, you will know where each key is and from then on, it’s just a matter of picking up in terms of speed.
4. Navigate With Basic Keyboard Shortcuts
It’s no surprise why Windows and Mac OS have many keyboard shortcuts. Since both your hands are already on the keyboard, why spend time using a mouse to navigate? You don’t have to remember every shortcut, just the more common ones.
Common shortcuts below are mostly used in word processing programs:
Shortcuts Descriptions
Ctrl + C Copy
Ctrl + X Cut
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + Z Undo
Ctrl + S Save
Ctrl + F Search for word
Ctrl + A Highlight everything
Shift +
Left Arrow or Right Arrow
Hightlight next letter
Ctrl +
Shift +
Left Arrow or Right Arrow
Highlight next word
Ctrl + Left Arrow or
Right Arrow
Navigate text cursor to next word without highlight
Home Go to beginning of line
End Go to end of line
Page Up Scroll up
Page Down Scroll down
You can also use shortcut keys while browsing the web. Here are some shortcuts you could use to navigate in web browsers.
Shortcuts Descriptions
Ctrl + Tab Switch to next tab
Ctrl +
Shift + Tab
Switch to previous tab
Ctrl + T Open new tab
Ctrl + W Close current tab
Ctrl +
Shift + T
Open previously closed tab
Ctrl + R refresh current webpage
Ctrl + N
Open new web browser window
Backspace Go back one page
Shift +
Backspace
Go forward one page
Finally, here are some common keyboard shortcuts for more general (Windows) navigation.
Shortcuts Descriptions
Alt + Tab Switch to next opened window
Alt +
Shift +
Tab
Switch to previous opened window
Alt + F 4 Close current window
Using these shortcut keys will require the little finger a lot as many of the modifier keys like
Ctrl , Alt and Shift are closest to your little finger.
5. Practice With Apps
Practicing typing on a keyboard need not be stressful (although it may feel like it at times). You can practice with a lot of typing games. Here are a few websites where you can learn how to conquer the keyboard and have fun at the same time.
TypeRacer
TypeRacer is a simple and fun game where each player is represented by a car. You’ll be given a passage of text from a book or lyrics to a song, you then type it out to move your car in a ‘race’ with other players. Whoever finishes typing the passage first wins.
Typing Maniac
Typing Maniac is a Facebook game that will get you addicted as you can compete with friends to see who can earn the most points. As words appear on your screen, type them out to make them go away before too many land on the ground and cause you to lose the game! Earn points and get a better score if you achieve each level without missing or misspelling a word.
Keybr.com
Keybr generates readable random words where some words are spelt incorrectly to help you remember common letter combinations better rather than typing random letters. It’ll give you statistics to tell you which area of the keyboard you are weaker in. It also offers words in different languages as well as different keyboard layouts.
Touch Typing Study
The exercises in this site get you comfortable with the finger placement by repeatedly asking you to type those letters with the correct finger. It is also offered in different languages.
Learn Typing
Learn typing is a basic looking website that has a ton of explanation good for beginners learning to touch type. Once you’ve gone through the basics, there are also more advanced exercises which you can do.

Computer tips and tricks

Computer Tips And Tricks
Tips And Tricks To Get The Most Out Of Your PC.
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January 14, 2014  Leave a reply
5 Small Tips To Protect Your Privacy Online
I should have written this post nearly 2 months ago. Unless you live in an internet depraved country, you must have heard of ‘PRISM’ or ‘NSA’. We have already lost that war, all we can do is lick or wounds. Its our fault too. We became more and more willing to choose convenience over privacy, while companies like Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Yahoo (which have become part of our daily life) encouraged it.
Now picture this, anyone with access to the databases of these companies can paint a complete picture of a person based on their online footprint. Private emails sent between you and your wife or your girlfriend are all available for the viewing pleasure of some government or corporate agent.
And if you think PRISM is the only thing out there spying on you, you are wrong. Snowden also revealed the existence of programs such as XKEYSCORE and TEMPORA that were part of a global surveillance program conducted by not only the US but also its allies that includes the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. These countries are spying on India and other nations like China, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, France, Brazil, Japan, Germany and Afghanistan using data gleaned online.
And because of this spying game you need to be all the more careful. Even though it’s already late, there are some things you can do to protect your privacy and your data online. You might be also interested to know how internet works
before getting to know the ways to protect your privacy online.
So, here are five small tips to keep yourself and your data protected online:-
1. SIGN OUT!
I can’t emphasize this enough. I don’t mind repeating this all over again. But unfortunately Google will penalize me for over stuffing of keywords😛
Whenever you search the web while you are signed in you are unknowingly letting websites and search engines know your search pattern.
Picture this, you are planning to build a custom desktop computer. You google for computer parts while you are signed in. You click on online shopping links for checking out its prices. The next day, say, you visit some blog or news website. Obviously, the blog or website will display the ads. But, it will show you ads relevant to your current buying interest, i.e. computer parts.
Coincidence? I don’t think so! So, again, Sign out! And search.
2. Passwords
Password is the most important component of your online life. No matter how many times we have read, that we need multiple, strong and secure passwords, we don’t keep them. We don’t even care, until our account is hacked.
3. Two-Step Verification
An important add-on to your password. If you have this option, enable it. This is certainly one of the safest and easiest methods of logging in anywhere. Two-Step verification is a pain, I know that, but you will be thanking yourself that you enabled it, the day your account have been compromised.
4. Public Wi-Fi
Free Wi-Fi is very tempting. Why pay when you can get it for free? The thing is, don’t use public Wi-Fi networks to access private and secure data so that you would not have fall into wrong hands. If you do use public Wi-Fi, use a VPN (Virtual Private Network). But that’s not guaranteed to protect your privacy online.
5. Encryption
Leaving passwords in Google docs or Skydrive is not a smart idea. Don’t leave sensitive data just lying around. If you do want to upload private data, use encryption utilities like true-crypt to encrypt your info before uploading the data.
I have done my part, warn you and give you five small tips to protect your privacy online. Now it’s up to you to implement it. By the way, the best place to store sensitive data is in your head, which no one can hack into. Share this, not for me, but for your friends. There is no harm in letting them knowing it, is there?

How to insatall window

How to Install Windows Using a CD
Microsoft Windows XP is a computer operating system released in 2001. It is used widely nowadays, on the home-computers, and at the workplaces. Follow these simple steps, and you'll be able to deploy this operating system on your computer in no time.
Steps
Order a Microsoft Windows XP Setup CD from the vendor.
Put the Setup CD into the drive, and press the Restart button on the computer case.
Make sure the computer prompts you to press a key to start the Setup. If it does not, you need to set the CD-Drive as the
First Boot Device in Boot category in your computer's BIOS.
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Installing Windows
After your computer reboots, a Black screen will appear showing the message 'Press any key to Boot from CD. ..'. Press any key.
Wait for a few seconds until the a Blue Screen pops up with the Title Windows Setup.
Follow the instructions on the screen to install Windows.
Select a drive for Windows to be installed, and choose its File System (FAT32 or NTFS).
After a number of restarts, the previous screen with 'Press any key to Boot from CD. ..' will appear. Ignore it this time.
Set the Regional and Language, and Network Settings, and let the Setup install windows.
Install basic security software such as a firewall, antivirus program, and an anti-spyware program; the built-in Windows Firewall, microsoft AVG Free, and Safer Networking Spybot S & D should work fine.
Update Windows and the security software. This should help protect against some viruses and improve stability.
Make sure that all your hardware is working. Unlike OEM installs, there can be some issues here. You might want to go to the hardware manufacturers' websites for the latest drivers.
You are done with installing Windows, now take a Quick Tour, as Windows will pop-up a message for

Root android phones

How To Root Android Without Computer PC
Today is the time to share a Complete guide on How to jailbreak android to root without PC . As you knew that android phone can be rooted in many ways, either you can root your android using PC or you can root android without computer. But when it come to root android without computer, there are many Super one click android root apps, like FramaRoot, Universal Android Root, Towel root, vRoot which let them root your android devices without computer. With these one click root without computer techniques made your part of work much easier, when you’re hunting the internet to find a perfect guide on root android phone without computer. You can also read our recent post related to the Best android phone which helps in choosing right android smartphone of your choice. So, if you are looking for method to install root without computer, then you are at right place as we will discuss about root without computer apps here.
In this post let briefly learn the basics about How to root the android phone? and Advantages and disadvantages of rooting your Android phone. Then finally the easy cum excellent methods to root android without PC .
Checkout: Best battery Saver apps for android
What is rooting a phone means? (In Android phones)
Android Rooting is the process in which users can attain the “ Privileged Control ” also know as ‘ Root Access ‘ easily by rooting your android phone. It means that rooting android phone will help user to enter deeper into the Android Phone System. Android rooting gives the user “ root access“, from which user can bypass all the restrictions of your smartphone manufacturer. In other words, is to jailbreak android phone or to break firewall to unlock the root access. It can be done, when Superuser is installed in your android Smartphone. Here we have Three easy ways to root android without computer connections. Check out the recent best apps for android to rule your device after rooting your phone.
Root android without computer
Read: Best Video Players For Android
Eye Catching Benefits and Main reasons to root Android phone without PC:-
By Simply Rooting your Android phone , users can take the complete control and authority over your android smartphone. Get ready to rule your android phone!
Another great benefit often you get after rooting your android phone is the huge internal memory, You’ll get enough room for all your apps and their Data. You can also move your Apps to the external SD card which is the bonus when you’re android phone has root access.
Android rooting will help to install the apps which require the root access or Superuser binary installed. Which will help you for the great extent, like in order to record your android screen you need to have “ Root access“. If you’ve root access, it is as easy as you drink a cup of coffee!
By rooting your android phone, user can able to uninstall the pre-installed bloatware, third-party apps and games from your smartphone. By doing so, you’ll notice the significant boost in your smartphone performance.
The best part By rooting you can easily flash with Customs ROMs. There are tons of custom ROM available for the smartphones when you looking to change your smartphone look or options. You can also check out our recent posts on best android launcher which will help you to change your android phone look without Rooting.
I am damn sure that you have prepared your mind to root your android phone without computer now, but wait. Read about demerits to root your android phone also.
Non-Benefits of Rooting your android phone:-
The biggest downside of Rooting your smartphone is, it will completely ruin your Smartphone’s warranty. Which mean you’ll no longer get the customers support of Free Service from your smartphone manufacturer. I think it is the reason, that pushes a majority of the users not to root their android phone.
Another Big disadvantage is, No matters how technical you are if you make any mistakes while rooting your android smartphone your phone will remain as a toy for children’s! (It’s true! ). The reason is you are going to jailbreak your android phone, which means to get the Root access. You need to be very careful while performing to root your android phone. I don’t think you’ll come up with that situation, when you follow this guide.
If you root your android phone without Computer, You can’t update to the latest version in some cases it updates, when your smartphone manufacturer release new updates. Even though you can manually upgrade your android phone to the latest version using custom ROM. But you’ll miss some of the security updates from your Smartphone brand
Rooting your smartphone will result in not able to run some of the highly encrypted Apps like Google Wallet..etc. Although it is a negotiable reason, You can use Google Wallet in the Web version rather than using it in Android app platform.
Ok, We’ve talked lot more about Benefits and Non-benefits of rooting your android phone. It is your wish to root your android phone or not, If your reply is YES then go further without. If your answer is NO, don’t worry still there are some of the best apps for your android smartphone. If you have prepared your mind now as well to root without pc, then follow below methods to root android without computer. If any method is not working for your android phone. Simply, forget that method to jump to new method to root android phone without pc.
Making the Preparation to Root Android without Computer:-
Android Rooting if not an easy task as you think, don’t worry I make it easier. Before you proceed to root android without Computer PC , You need to make somewhat preparation. Arrange the below requirements to get started to Root without PC.
First and foremost is you need to download the required apps and install it in your phone storage.
Backup all your user files like Contacts, Music, Photos, Video, Apps.etc and remove your SD card before you proceeded to root your android phone without a computer.
Make sure your phone have charged at least 50%.
These are the requirement needed in order to root android without computer. So friends explore the One click rooting methods to get the instant root Access .

WiFi Hacking

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) are two security protocols and security certification programs developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system, WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
A flaw in a feature added to Wi-Fi, called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), allows WPA and WPA2 security to be bypassed and effectively broken in many situations. Many access point they have a Wifi Protected Setup enabled by default (even after we hard reset the access point).
Requirements:
1. Wireless card (support promiscuous mode)
In this tutorial I use ALFA AWUS036H from Amazon.
2. Access point with WPA2 and WPS enables
5 Steps Wifi Hacking – Cracking WPA2 Password:
1. Open our terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and type airmon-ng (view tips and tricks how to create keyboard shortcut on kali linux )
this command will lists our wireless card that attached with our system.
2. The next step we need to stop our wireless monitor mode by running airmon-ng stop wlan0
3. Now we ready to capture the wireless traffic around us. By running airodump-ng wlan0 our wireless interface will start capturing the data.
From the picture above, we can see many available access point with all the information. In the green box is our victim access point which is my own access point
Information:
BSSID (Basic Service Set Identification): the MAC address of access point
PWR : Signal level reported by the card.
Beacons : Number of announcements packets sent by the AP
#Data : Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast packets.
#/s : Number of data packets per second measure over the last 10 seconds.
CH: Channel number (taken from beacon packets).
MB: Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 11, it's 802.11b, if MB = 22 it's 802.11b+ and higher rates are 802.11g.
ENC: Encryption algorithm in use.
CIPHER : The cipher detected. TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2.
AUTH : The authentication protocol used.
ESSID: Shows the wireless network name. The so-called “SSID”, which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated.
4. From the step 3 above, we can find access point with encryption algorithm WPA2 and note the AP channel number. Now we will find out whether target AP has WPS enabled or not.
wash -i wlan0 -c 8 -C -s
if the WPS Locked status is No, then we ready to crack and move to step 5.
5. The last step is cracking the WPA2 password using reaver.
reaver -i <your_interface> -b <wi-fi victim MAC address> –fail-wait=360
Because we already get the information from step 3 above, so my command look like this:
reaver -i wlan0 -b E0:05:C5:5A:26:94 –fail-wait=360
it took about 5 hours to crack 19 characters WPA2 password (vishnuvalentino.com) from my Kali virtualBox, but it depend with our hardware and wireless card.
Conclusions:
1. WPA and WPA2 security implemented without using the Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) feature are unaffected by the security vulnerability.
2. To prevent this attack, just turn off our WPS/QSS feature on our access point. See picture below (I only have the Chinese version )
Notes: Only practice this tutorial on your own lab and your own device. Hacking can be a crime if you don't know where to put it.

Remove computer virus

How to Remove a Virus
Has your computer been infected by a virus? Viruses and other malware can pose a significant security risk to your data and personal information, and can have a drastic effect on your computer's performance. They can be tricky to get rid of, since many are programmed to be extremely hardy. If your computer is suffering from a nasty infection, see Step 1 below to get rid of it.
Method One of Three:
Running Scans
Backup your data. Before starting the virus removal process, make sure that all of your important data is backed up. This will ensure that nothing of value is lost if the computer has to be completely reformatted, and you can get back up and running with minimal time invested.
See this guide for detailed instructions on how to back up all of your important data.
Check to ensure that other factors aren't causing your problem. Oftentimes a slow computer will give the impression that it is infected with a virus, when it may be an issue with memory, storage, adware, or a number of other factors. Failing hardware, especially hard drives, can significantly slow down your computer and corrupt files.
This guide contains a variety of tips to help speed up a slow computer.
Gather your tools. You should already have an antivirus program installed, but if you don't there are a variety of both free and commercial products are available. Most paid programs have a trial period that will allow you to scan and remove viruses, so don't worry about cost and download the program that sounds the best to you. Popular options include Kaspersky, BitDefender, Antivir, and Trend Micro. You should only have one of these installed at a time.
You will also need a few anti-malware programs. While lots of adware is technically legitimate, lots of it is shady as well. These programs may pick up things that your antivirus passes over. Popular options include Malwarebytes Anti-Malware and Hitman pro. Like antivirus programs, You should not have too many anti malware programs as they may slow down your PC, but unlike antivirus programs it is an option.
If your virus infection is preventing you from successfully downloading files, you will need to download them on another computer and transfer them via USB drive.
Reboot in Safe Mode. In order for a virus to do anything, it needs to be run. Most viruses run themselves by attaching to startup services that load when Windows loads. Safe Mode only loads the most essential files for Windows to run, which should stop almost all viruses from activating. This will allow you to identify and remove them. [1]
Run your scans. Run a full system scan with your antivirus program. Quarantine anything that doesn't look right after the scan is complete (most antivirus programs have a quarantine function). After you are finished running the virus scan, run each of your additional anti-malware scans. Each program is capable of removing any infections it is able to find. [2]
Test your computer. After the scans have all completed, reboot normally and test your computer's performance. Run your web browser and any other programs that you originally had issues with. If your infection is gone, you're done! If problems persist, read on to the next section.
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Method Two of Three:
Removing Viruses Manually
Download Autoruns. Autoruns is a program from Microsoft TechNet that allows you to see exactly what is starting up each time your computer boots. This will give you the clearest possible picture about what is currently operating on your computer.
After downloading, extract the program to an easy to access spot, such as C:\Autoruns.
Run the program before continuing to get a feel for how it is laid out, and to see how it displays the services and programs that are starting up with Windows. It's a pretty daunting display at first, but you will only need to focus on a few areas later on.
Adjust Autoruns' options. In order to make it easier to find infected entries, you will want to disable reporting of certain signed Microsoft services, and include locations that might not normally be checked. Click the Options menu and then select Filter Options. Check the following boxes:
Include empty locations
Verify code signatures
Hide signed Microsoft entries
Reboot into Safe Mode with Networking. Since most viruses attach themselves to startup services, deleting the service while the virus is running will allow it to recreate the entry in your registry. Safe Mode will only load essential startup services, allowing you to safely disable infected ones.
Rebooting into "Safe Mode with Networking" as opposed to "Safe Mode" will allow you to use the internet to look up the programs that are starting with your computer.
Start the Autoruns program. Once you have entered Safe Mode, start the Autoruns program. Double-check that your Filter Options are set correctly. Wait for the scan to finish, which may take a few moments.
Begin searching for suspicious entries. This will be the most tedious part of the process, as you'll want to look up any suspicious entry online to see if the process is legitimate or not. You will need to pay attention to both the entry's name and the file location.
There are a variety of process identifiers online that can tell you exactly what the process is and if it's a potential threat. Some popular databases include Process Library, Bleeping Computer, and File.net.
Focus on the Logon and Services tabs. There are a variety of tabs that help filter information for you, but most of the time you'll find what you're looking for in the Logon and Services tabs. You shouldn't ignore the others, though, as some viruses will be reported in other areas.
Take your time when investigating processes. Disabling real processes can keep Windows from loading properly, so triple-check each process before you mark it for removal.
Record the file location of each offending entry before you remove it. You will need to locate these files later to delete them.
Delete the first malware-related entry. Once you've identified entries that are infected, you can delete the first one by right-clicking on it and selecting Delete. This will remove the entry from your startup process, but doesn't delete any of the infected files.
Delete entries one at a time, delete the associated files, and then repeat for the next entry. This will help to ensure that you don't forget to remove files from your computer.
Remove the files associated with the deleted entry. Open Windows Explorer and navigate to the location that was associated with the startup entry. If you can't see the files, you may need to
reveal hidden files.
Repeat the entry and file removal steps for each entry you need to get rid of.
Reboot your computer normally. Once you have finished removing each of the entries and all of the infected files, you can reboot your computer normally, allowing all the remaining processes to start. This should eliminate the majority of common virus infections. If you are still infected, see the next step.
Consider reinstalling Windows. If you can't seem to get rid of the infection, reinstalling Windows may be your best bet. Although it seems like an extreme step, it is actually usually faster to reinstall than to continue trying to troubleshoot a stubborn infection, and much cheaper than taking your computer to a professional. Chances are you use fewer programs than you might think, making your reinstallation time even quicker.
Reinstalling will wipe your hard drive clean, removing virtually any virus infection.
Before reinstalling, make sure that you have all of your important data backed up and your Windows key handy. You may also want to put the installers of all your essential programs such as browser and antivirus onto a USB drive for easy access after the Windows reinstallation is complete.[3]
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Method Three of Three:
Removing Mac Viruses
Install a Mac-specific antivirus program. The days of not needing an antivirus program for Mac computers are over. As the operating system has gained popularity, so has the frequency of virus infections. Virus makers now see Macs as valid targets, and ensuring you are protected is the best way to prevent viruses. Antivirus scanners are also the easiest way to get rid of existing viruses.
Popular Mac antivirus programs include Sophos, ClamXav, Intego VirusBarrier, as well as paid products from the big names, including Norton, McAfee and Kaspersky.
Make sure you only have one anti-virus program installed at a time.
Scan for viruses. Use your newly-installed scanner to check your computer for viruses. Ensure that you are scanning any connected external hard drives or USB drives as well.
Macs can transmit PC viruses as well, even if they aren't susceptible to them.
Remove any offending results from your antivirus scan. Mac viruses are typically much easier to remove using a virus scanner than PC viruses.
Scan with a second program. After scanning with your first antivirus program, uninstall it and install a second program. You can use two different free programs for this, or one free and one paid. Running a second scan will help catch malware that slipped through the cracks of the first scan.
Reinstall OS X. If you have a virus infection that scans simply won't get rid of, reinstalling your operating system may be your best bet. If you already have your
data backed up , it actually won't even take that long, and may improve your system's performance as well.
See this guide for detailed instructions on reinstalling OS X.
Remove the Flashback virus. This virus was one of the first big virus scares for OS X users. Apple has since patched OS X to fix the security exploit and remove the malware from OS X systems, but if you haven't kept OS X up to date you may not have this fix.
There are several programs that you can download that will remove Flashback, including F-Secure's Flashback Removal Tool.
Remove the FBI Mac OS X virus (MoneyPak). This piece of malware hijacks your browser, forcing you to a page that claims your computer has been shut down by the FBI. The site claims that by paying a large sum of money, your computer can be unlocked. You can remove this virus by resetting Safari's settings.
Open Safari and click the Safari menu in the menubar.
Click "Reset Safari..."
Make sure every item in the list is checked.
Click the Reset button.

Hacking

H OW T O H ACK ACCOUNTS P ASSWORDS -P ASSWORD B REAKING T OOLS
in: bank hacking Computer Hacks latest hacking tricks 2016 passwordcracking
How To Hack Accounts Passwords -Password Breaking Tools 2016 Here are some popular tricks to hack accounts and get their passwords: How To Hack Accounts Passwords -Password Breaking Tools 2016 1.Password hashes: Passwords that you type in your computer operating systems are stored somewhere on the disc in the form of hashes.These hashes are not in clear text therefore to access these hashes root/sysadmin privilages are required.In...